Educational Resource · 2026

Understanding the 2026 Childhood Vaccination Schedules

Bashar Hasan, MD

For the first time in decades, the CDC and AAP have published separate childhood immunization schedules. This resource explains the differences and provides a clear overview of the AAP-recommended schedule for clinical education.

18
Diseases covered by
AAP routine schedule
11
Diseases in CDC
routine schedule
7
Vaccines where schedules
disagree on recommendation
230+
Organizations expressing
support for the AAP schedule
01

Where the Schedules Diverge

On January 5, 2026, the CDC reduced routine childhood vaccine recommendations from 17 diseases to 11, moving several vaccines to "high-risk only" or "shared clinical decision-making" (SCDM) categories. The AAP maintained all prior routine recommendations. Below is a vaccine-by-vaccine comparison.

Major disagreement
Partial difference
Aligned
Vaccine CDC 2026 AAP 2026 Status
Hepatitis B High-risk + SCDM Birth dose only for HBsAg+ / unknown-status mothers. For HBsAg− mothers: shared decision-making; first dose no earlier than 2 months. Routine — All Children Universal birth dose for all newborns. Standard 3-dose series at birth, 1 month, and 6 months regardless of maternal status. Diverge
Hepatitis A High-risk + SCDM High-risk only (e.g., international travel to endemic areas). Shared decision-making for routine use in other children. Routine — All Children Universal 2-dose series for all children starting at 12–23 months. Diverge
Rotavirus SCDM Only No longer universally recommended. Available through shared clinical decision-making. Routine — All Infants RV1 (2-dose) or RV5 (3-dose) series beginning at 2 months for all infants. Diverge
Influenza SCDM Only No longer universally recommended. Available through shared clinical decision-making. Routine — Annual Annual vaccination for all children ≥6 months. Two doses the first year for those receiving influenza vaccine for the first time. Diverge
COVID-19 SCDM Only No longer universally recommended. Available through shared clinical decision-making. Routine — Annual Routine for all eligible children ≥6 months of age. Diverge
RSV (mAb) High-risk 1 dose for infants whose mother did not receive RSV vaccine during pregnancy. 2nd dose for high-risk infants only (e.g., chronic lung disease). Routine — All Infants Recommended for all infants in their first RSV season. Additional doses for high-risk children in subsequent seasons. Diverge
Meningococcal ACWY High-risk + SCDM Routine adolescent doses (11–12 yr and 16 yr booster) moved to shared decision-making. High-risk groups only for infant/child series. Routine — All Adolescents Routine 1st dose at 11–12 years with booster at 16 years. High-risk infant/child series also recommended. Diverge
HPV Routine — 1 Dose Recommended for all children, but reduced to 1 dose only (no FDA-approved 1-dose regimen exists). Routine — 2 or 3 Doses 2-dose series if initiated at ages 9–14; 3-dose series if started at ≥15 years. Partial
Meningococcal B High-risk + SCDM High-risk groups + SCDM for adolescents 16–23 yr. High-risk + SCDM High-risk groups + SCDM for adolescents 16–23 yr (preferred 16–18). Aligned
Vaccines recommended as routine by both schedules
DTaP / Tdap 5-dose DTaP series (2, 4, 6, 15–18 mo, 4–6 yr) + Tdap booster at 11–12 yr Aligned
Hib 3- or 4-dose series depending on product used Aligned
PCV (Pneumococcal) 4-dose series at 2, 4, 6, and 12–15 months (PCV15 or PCV20) Aligned
IPV (Polio) 4-dose series at 2, 4, 6–18 months, and 4–6 years Aligned
MMR 2-dose series at 12–15 months and 4–6 years Aligned
Varicella 2-dose series at 12–15 months and 4–6 years Aligned
02

AAP 2026 Recommended Schedule at a Glance

The AAP schedule groups vaccines by the age at which each dose should be given. All vaccines below are recommended as routine for every child unless otherwise noted. This view is organized by age group for quick clinical reference.

Routine dose
Range / catch-up window
Annual / seasonal
Vaccine category Hepatitis Respiratory Bacterial Enteric / GI Viral Meningococcal HPV
Birth
Within 24 hours
HepB 1st RSV mAb during RSV season
1 Month
HepB 2nd
2 Months
Major visit
DTaP 1st IPV 1st Hib 1st PCV 1st Rotavirus 1st HepB 2nd
4 Months
DTaP 2nd IPV 2nd Hib 2nd PCV 2nd Rotavirus 2nd
6 Months
Multiple doses due
DTaP 3rd IPV 3rd PCV 3rd HepB 3rd Rotavirus 3rd (RV5) Influenza start annual COVID-19 begin series Hib 3rd (product-dependent)
12–15 Months
1-year visit
MMR 1st Varicella 1st PCV 4th Hib booster HepA 1st DTaP 4th (15–18 mo)
18–23 Months
HepA 2nd (≥6 mo after 1st) DTaP 4th (if not yet given) Influenza annual
4–6 Years
Pre-school entry
DTaP 5th IPV 4th MMR 2nd Varicella 2nd Influenza annual
9–10 Years
Pre-adolescent
HPV can begin series Influenza annual COVID-19 annual
11–12 Years
Adolescent visit
Tdap 1 dose HPV begin 2-dose series MenACWY 1st Influenza annual COVID-19 annual
16 Years
Booster visit
MenACWY booster MenB SCDM (16–18 preferred) Influenza annual COVID-19 annual

Combination vaccines: Vaxelis (DTaP-IPV-HepB-Hib) can be given at 2, 4, and 6 months, reducing the number of injections per visit. At 4 months, HepB is not separately scheduled, but the extra dose delivered through Vaxelis is safe and acceptable. It cannot be used for the 12–15 month booster — its Hib component is not sufficiently immunogenic as a booster dose; use a different Hib-containing vaccine instead.

03

Knowledge Check

Test your understanding of the AAP 2026 recommended schedule. Select an answer for each question, then check your results.

Question 1
According to the AAP 2026 schedule, at which visit does an infant receive the greatest number of new routine vaccine doses?
A Birth
B 2 months
C 12–15 months
D 4–6 years
Question 2
A healthy 14-year-old has never received an HPV vaccine. Per the AAP 2026 schedule, how many doses should be administered?
A 1 dose
B 2 doses, 6–12 months apart
C 2 doses if initiated at 9–14 yr; 3 doses if ≥15 yr at first dose
D 3 doses always
Question 3
Under the AAP 2026 schedule, which of the following is the recommended timing for the Hepatitis A vaccine series?
A 2-dose series starting at 12–23 months for all children
B Only for children traveling internationally
C Single dose at 2 years of age
D 3-dose series beginning at 6 months
Question 4
Per the AAP 2026 schedule, which vaccine requires a booster dose at age 16, following an initial dose at 11–12 years?
A Tdap
B HPV
C Meningococcal B
D Meningococcal ACWY